What Are Anal Glands, and Why Do Pets Have Issues with Them

What Are Anal Glands & Why Do Pets Have Issues with Them?

Anal glands (also known as anal sacs) are two small scent glands located on either side of your cat or dog’s rectum. Normally, these glands empty naturally during bowel movements, releasing a unique scent used for communication and territory marking. However, problems occur when the glands don’t empty properly. When they become blocked, inflamed, or infected, these are common signs of cat and dog anal gland problems that should be addressed promptly:

• Scooting or dragging their butt on the floor
• Excessively licking or biting around their rear
• Swelling, odor, or visible discomfort near the anus

Does My Dog Need Their Anal Glands Expressed?

Many dog owners search for answers like “how to tell if my dog needs anal glands expressed.” While some dogs never have issues, others (especially small breeds) may need help from trained veterinary staff as often as every 4 to 6 weeks. Cat or Dog Anal gland expression is a quick procedure usually done by a veterinarian or groomer. It helps relieve discomfort and prevents anal gland infections or abscesses. If your dog’s anal glands are infected, additional treatment such as antibiotics or pain relief may be needed. Please refer to the signs above of when to seek veterinary medical care. 

How to Prevent Dog Anal Gland Problems

Wondering how to prevent your dog from scooting or needing frequent gland expressions? Always consult your veterinarian before making any changes to your dog’s diet or health routine, but here are some helpful tips:

• Add fiber to your dog’s diet. Canned pumpkin, vet-prescribed doses of Metamucil, or vet-approved fiber supplements such as Glandex for dogs, can help produce firmer stools, which naturally help to express the glands.
• Keep your pet at a healthy weight. Overweight dogs are more prone to anal gland issues.
• Schedule regular vet checkups. Routine visits can catch problems early before they become painful or chronic. Anal Gland Adenocarcinoma can cause a mass to grow, which can be misconstrued as a minor anal gland issue. Back pain issues can also be known to cause anal gland issues; this is likely due to the pain it causes your dog to squat to relieve themselves. 

Breeds Prone to Anal Gland Issues

Some dog breeds are more likely to develop anal gland problems, but remember, any dog breed can be affected by anal gland complications. Common breeds include:

• Chihuahuas
• Dachshunds
• Poodles
• Cocker Spaniels

Chronic Anal Gland Issues in Dogs

If your dog has chronic anal gland infections or recurring blockages, your vet may recommend anal gland removal surgery. This is usually considered a last resort when other treatments haven’t worked. While not common, the procedure can offer long-term relief for pets suffering from frequent anal gland problems. Common causes of chronic anal gland issues are allergies, low fiber diets, congenital predispositions, and possibly even back issues/pain. 

Anal Gland Issues in Cats

Recurring anal sac issues are uncommon in cats, but overweight cats are at higher risk of anal gland issues due to poor natural drainage of the glands, just like dogs. Some cats may benefit from a high-fiber diet to aid expression. If problems persist despite dietary changes, surgical removal of the anal sacs may be recommended. Since indoor pet cats don’t rely on these glands for marking their territory, removal is considered an option. In some cases, poorly closing ducts due to genetics can cause constant leakage and odor, and surgery can resolve this as well if the more moderate approach of dietary changes does not help.

Final Thoughts

If your cat or dog is scooting, licking excessively, or seems uncomfortable, don’t ignore it. Anal gland problems in dogs are common and treatable. A quick vet visit can help your pet feel much better and prevent more serious issues down the road.